Research Reports and News Posted January 2002:

Fathers—Research

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• The Importance of Father Love: History and Contemporary Evidence, Ronald P. Rohner and Robert A. Veneziano, Review of General Psychology, 2001, Vol. 5, No. 4, 382?405.

  Author Abstract:

  This article explores the cultural construction of fatherhood in America, as well as the consequences of this construction as a motivator for understudying fathers, especially father love for nearly a century in developmental and family research. It then reviews evidence from 6 categories of empirical studies showing the powerful influence of fathers' love on children's and young adults' social, emotional, and cognitive development and functioning. Much of this evidence suggests that the influence of father love on offspring's development is as great as and occasionally greater than the influence of mother love. Some studies conclude that father love is the sole significant predictor of specific outcomes after controlling for the influence of mother love. Overall, father love appears to be as heavily implicated as mother love in offsprings' psychological well-being and health, as well as in an array of psychological and behavioral problems.

  For further information on obtaining the full article, contact the American Psychological Association.

• Good Dads: Religion, Civic Engagement, & Paternal Involvement in Low-Income, Communities, W. Bradford Wilcox, University of Pennsylvania, Center for Research on Religion and Urban Civic Society; and Manhattan Institue for Policy Research, 2001.

  This study explores the relationship between men's involvement in religious and non-religious civic organizations and the extent to which they are actively engaged in their children's lives. Using data from the National Survey of Families and Households, the study shows that residential fathers who are involved in religious organizations or non-religious civic organizations are significantly more likely to have dinner with their children and to be involved in youth-related activities such as the Boy Scouts or sports teams. Moreover, the study finds that with respect to religion, this effect is not a function of a father's more generic integration into the social order; religious involvement has a positive effect in addition to other social involvement, and in spite of the absence of such involvement. These effects are particularly significant in the low-income communities where declines in civic engagement have been most profound.

  For a copy of the complete report in PDF format, visit the Manhattan Institute web site.

  SRCD Abstracts

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• Unique and Protective Contributions of Parenting and Classroom Processes to the Adjustment of African American Children Living in Single-Parent Families, Gene H. Brody, Shannon Dorsey, Rex Forehand, and Lisa Armistead, Child Development, February 2002, Volume 73, Number 1.

  SRCD Abstract:

  The unique contributions that parenting processes (high levels of monitoring with a supportive,. involved mother-child relationship) and classroom processes (high levels of organization, rule clarity, and student involvement) make to children's self-regulation and adjustment were examined with a sample of 277 single-parent African American families. A multi-informant design involving mothers, teachers, and 7- to 15-year-old children was used. Structural equation modeling indicated that parenting and classroom processes contributed uniquely to children's adjustment through the children's development of self-regulation. Additional analyses suggested that classroom processes can serve a protective-stabilizing function when parenting processes are compromised, and vice versa. Further research is needed to examine processes in both family and school contexts that promote child competence and resilience.

• The Impact of Family Obligation on the Daily Activities and Psychological Well Being of Chinese American Adolescents, Andrew J. Fuligni, Tiffany Yip, and Vivian Tseng, Child Development, February 2002, Volume 73, Number 1.

  SRCD Abstract:

  A daily diary method was employed to examine the extent to which Chinese adolescents in the United States assist and spend time with their families, and the implications of such behaviors for their involvement in other activities and psychological well being. Adolescents (N=140) completed checklists in which they reported their activities and psychological well being every day for a period of two weeks. Adolescents showed a greater propensity to balance family obligations with their academic demands than with their social life with peers on a daily basis. Girls experienced slightly more daily conflict between activities than boys. Neither the extent of involvement in family obligations nor the balancing of family obligations with other activities were associated with psychological distress among adolescents. These findings demonstrate the complex manner in which adolescents from immigrant families attempt to combine their cultural traditions with selected aspects of American society on a daily basis. In contrast to the expectations of some observers, the youths in this study appeared to accomplish such an integration with little cost to their psychological well being.

• Benefits of the Comprehensive Child Development Program (CCDP) as a Function of AFDC Receipt and SES, Carey S. Ryan, Robert B. McCall, Debbie R. Robinson, Christina J. Groark, Laurie Mulvey, and Bradford W Plemons, Child Development, February 2002, Volume 73, Number 1.

  SRCD Abstract:

  The benefits for children at the Pittsburgh site of the federal Comprehensive Child Development Program (CCDP) were examined as a function of family welfare status (AFDC) and SES. CCDP was the largest attempt by the federal government to provide two-generation, casemanaged, comprehensive services to low-income families. Participating families could set their own goals and choose services to achieve them, but relatively few services were directed specifically at children. Results showed that more Pittsburgh families in the CCDP treatment group left AFDC than in the control group, consistent with results from a national evaluation of CCDP. Children whose families were on AFDC regardless of treatment group had lower mental test scores even after controlling for family SES, a result suggesting that AFDC receipt over and above income level was associated with poorer child mental performance. CCDP was associated with higher children's mental scores plus improvements over time in achievement scores only for children in families who were not on AFDC, even after controlling for SES. Such parents were more likely to choose parenting and child goals and services, which in turn were associated with higher child mental scores. In contrast, parents who were on AFDC tended to choose adultcentered goals and services, which did not benefit children. Therefore, in contrast to the national evaluation, which found no benefits of CCDP for children, these analyses showed that CCDP did produce benefits for children whose parents were not on AFDC, who tended to choose parenting and child services.

  For further information on obtaining a copy of these articles, please contact SRCD.

  Children and Families

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• For Better or for Worse: Divorce Reconsidered, E. Mavis Hetherington and John Kelly, W.W. Norton & Company, January 20002.

  Publisher Summary:

  For Better or For Worse presents a radically new story about the nature and consequences of divorce in America today. Debunking popular wisdom on the devastating psychological and social effects of divorce, this new story will replace the fiction with the facts derived from eminent psychologist Mavis Hetherington's landmark study. After nearly three decades of research involving 1400 families of divorce, Hetherington puts forth a much more nuanced picture of marital breakup—not as a momentary event but as a life process that yields its continuing influence throughout the stages of divorce, single-parenthood, remarriage, or stepfamily life, and in diverse interpersonal contexts—with partners, children, stepchildren, and eventually in the adult relationships of the children themselves.

  From her long-term perspective, Hetherington identifies distinct pathways into and out of divorce. She highlights three different kinds of marriages that predispose a couple to divorce and two that do not. She also pinpoints "windows of change" that allow some people to fashion the challenges of divorce into an opportunity. As the book follows families through the life process of divorce, Hetherington shows how women and girls experience divorce differently from men and boys; why single-mother/son relationships and stepfather/daughter relationships are the most difficult; why divorce presents a greater risk to adolescent children; and how mentoring and authoritative parenting can provide the needed buffering against the negative effects of divorce.

  For the complete summary, visit the W.W. Norton web site.

  D-i-v-o-r-c-e Gets R-e-s-p-e-c-t: A top researcher’s good news for families in Splitsville, Barbara Kantrowitz, Newsweek, January 28, 2002.

  RESEARCHER E. MAVIS HETHERINGTON, an emeritus professor of psychology at the University of Virginia, followed nearly 1,400 families and more than 2,500 children some for close to three decades. In "For Better or for Worse: Divorce Reconsidered," Hetherington and her coauthor, journalist John Kelly, detail the impact of divorce on the life span of each family member. Outcomes, Hetherington says, depend on many factors: the reasons for the divorce, parenting skills, the level of support both adults and children receive from family and friends, and individuals' willingness to change and grow in the face of new challenges. "After forty years of research," Hetherington writes, "I have no doubts about the ability of divorce to devastate. It can and does ruin lives." But, she adds, "I also think much current writing about divorce, both popular and academic, has exaggerated its negative effects and ignored its sometimes considerable positive effects". She says that divorce has not only rescued families from domestic abuse but has also provided women and girls in particular "with a remarkable opportunity for life-transforming personal growth."

  Hetherington's main rival in the divorce-book genre is California researcher Judith Wallerstein, whose best-selling studies of children and divorce have highlighted her disturbing findings about the difficulties these children have in establishing healthy adult relationships. Hetherington agrees that children in single-parent families and stepfamilies are indeed more likely to have social, emotional and psychological problems, but she says that more than 75 percent of the youngsters in her study ultimately did as well as children from intact families. Although they looked back on their parents' breakup as a painful experience, Hetherington writes, "most were successfully going about the chief tasks of young adulthood: establishing careers, creating intimate relationships, building meaningful lives for themselves."

  For the complete article, visit Newsweek's web site.

• The Perils of Early Motherhood, Isabel V. Sawhill, The Brookings Institution, The Public Interest (Winter 2002).

  Article Abstract:

  Conservatives have decided that what ails America is that not enough of us are getting and staying married. They have a point. Not only are fewer people marrying than in the past but, more disturbingly, one out of every three children is born outside of marriage. The life chances of these children are seriously compromised. Far more of them will grow up in poverty, fail in school, and enter adolescence with a propensity to repeat their parents' youthful mistakes. Indeed, as Jonathan Rauch has argued, and the data suggest, marriage is displacing both income and race as a source of division in America. Children growing up in a one-parent family are four times as likely to be poor as those growing up in a two-parent family, and those growing up in a single parent white family are three times more likely to be poor then those growing up in a two-parent black family.

  For a copy of the complete article in PDF format, visit the Brookings Institution web site.

• The Local Television News Media's Picture of Children, Franklin D. Gilliam, Jr., McCrae A. Parker, Patti Miller, and Kevin Donegan, Children Now, October 2001.

  Introduction:

  As a primary source of public affairs information for most Americans, the news media have the capability not only to set the public agenda, but also to prime people to think about certain issues in certain ways. According to 2000 census data, only about 36% of American household are raising children. Thus, many Americans depend on the news media to inform them about the current conditions of children. However, an ever-growing body of research demonstrates that the news media routinely paint a distorted view of children. Local television news, in particular, plays a key role since the majority of adults get more of their news through local broadcasts than any other source. On the local news, children are more likely to be depicted in the context of crime and violence than through issues such as health, education, family and community life.

  Recognizing the local news media's uniquely vital influence on social and political progress regarding children, Children Now commissioned this report, The Local Television News Media's Picture of Children. This analysis focuses specifically on how local news broadcasts across the country cover children and is the most comprehensive, nationally representative sample of local news about children and children's issues to date. A month of locally produced evening news programs on the three major networks in six cities constitutes the data. The study analyzes the data in three sections:

  • Children in the News: Frequency and Story Style
  • Children in the News: Content
  • Children in the News: Convergence of Race and Ethnicity

  Children Now hopes that this study contributes to an active dialogue about the quality and quantity of local television news about children and its role in shaping the public's views on the important challenges facing America's children and families.

  For a copy of the full report, visit the Children Now web site.

• Change in Family Income-to-Needs Matters More for Children with Less, Eric Dearing, Kathleen McCartney, and Beck Taylor, Child Development, November/December 2001.

  Press Release exerpt:

  A small amount of money can make a big difference for young children from poor families by increasing their social skills and readiness for school to levels seen in children from middle-class families, according to a new study by researchers at the Harvard Graduate School of Education (HGSE) and Baylor University.

  While the association between poverty and slower development is well known, the study, Change in Family Income-to-Needs Matters More for Children with Less, published in the November/December issue of Child Development, is the first to examine changes in economic resources within families as opposed to measuring the difference between families.

  Findings indicate that for a family of four below the poverty level whose needs remained constant, an increase in family income of approximately $13,400 over three years resulted in the children scoring as well as children in families with twice the income. Even modest increases in family economic resources led to improved performance by children as young as 3 on tasks such as identifying colors, letters and shapes. These children also were more likely to understand and produce a larger number of words and phrases.

  ...

  Data on 1,216 families collected as part of the National Institute on Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care were used in this study. The study was funded by a grant from the National Institute on Child Health and Human Development.

  For information on ordering this article, contact SRCD, publisher of Child Development, or contact the Harvard University Graduate School of Education.

  Census Data

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• Maternity Leave and Employment Patterns, 1961-1995, Kristen Smith, U.S. Census Bureau, December 5, 2001.

  Press Release:

  The Commerce Department's Census Bureau said today that a study of data for 1960 to 1995 shows major changes in maternity leave and employment patterns, indicating longer-term commitments by women to the workplace.

  "The cumulative effect is that women's work schedules are less likely to be interrupted by the birth of their first child, and women today are making longer-term commitments to the labor force than women in the 1960s," said Kristin Smith, lead author of the report, Maternity Leave and Employment Patterns, 1961-1995.

  The report discusses changes in the characteristics of first-time mothers, how rapidly mothers with newborns return to work, trends in women's work experience before their first birth and changes in U.S. society, including enactment of family-related legislation such as the Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 and the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993.

  The report also addresses the number of hours worked, pay levels and job-skill levels for new mothers returning to the workforce.

  Some highlights from the report:

  - The proportion of women working during pregnancy before their first birth increased by 23 percentage points between the periods 1961-65 and 1991-95 from 44 percent to 67 percent.

  - Mothers were much more likely to return to work by the sixth month after their first child's birth in 1991-94 (52 percent) than in 1961-65 (14 percent).

  - In the period 1991-94, 78 percent of mothers who returned to work within 12 months of their first birth were employed by their pre-birth employer.

  - Only 27 percent of women quit their job around the time of their first birth in 1991-95, compared with 63 percent in 1961-65.

  - In 1991-95, 43 percent of women received paid leave before or after their first child's birth; only 16 percent did so in 1961-65.

  The report is based on data from the 1996 panel of the Survey of Income and Program Participation. Statistics from surveys are subject to sampling and nonsampling error.

  For a copy of the complete report in PDF format, visit the Census Bureau web site.

  Systemic Barriers

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• Racial Wealth Disparities: Is the Gap Closing? Public Policy Brief, No. 66, Edward N. Wolff, The Levy Economics Institute of Bard College, 2001.

  Numerous studies show that, despite decades of policies aimed at improving it, the economic position of African Americans (measured by relative income and earnings) lags substantially behind that of whites. In this policy brief, Senior Scholar Edward N. Wolff presents research documenting an even more staggering gap in terms of wealth. Wolff notes that wealth is an important , though of ten ignored measure of economic well-being. Most research examining the economic progress of African Americans during the past 100 years focuses on income and earnings. Such studies can provide a false picture: two families—one white, one African American — may have similar incomes but vastly different holdings of wealth. Wealth matters, because it can allow a family to provide for educational and health needs, live in a safe and convenient neighborhood, impart greater political influence, and serve as a cushion in times of economic hardship.

  Recent research focusing on racial differences in wealth has tried almost exclusively to explain gaps in wealth levels. Wolff takes a different approach, by examining families over time in order to understand racial differences in the sources and patterns of wealth accumulation. Based on his research, he suggests that African Americans would have gained significant ground relative to whites in the past 30 years if the groups had inherited similar amounts, had comparable levels of family income, and perhaps had more similar portfolio compositions.

  In the following pages, Wolff states that even if we could immediately eliminate the racial income gap, it could take another two generations for the wealth gap to close. He notes that ways exist to speed up the process, including policies (such as the 1998 Assets for Independence Act) to help lower-income families build assets. However, since most current legislation serves only a small fraction of families with few or no existing assets, these policies may not be enough. In the short term, Wolff states, government sponsored credit programs could also help, especially in increasing home ownership among African Americans.

  For a copy of the full report, visit the Levy Economic Institute web site.

  Welfare Reform

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• Fragile Families, Welfare Reform, and Marriage Welfare Reform, WR&B Policy Brief #10, Sara McLanahan, Irwin Garfinkel, and Ronald B. Mincy, Brookings Institution, December 2001.

  Executive Summary:

  Marriage will be an important issue in the upcoming debate over the reauthorization of welfare reform. According to recent studies, both children and adults benefit from marriage. Still, one of three children in the U.S. is born to unmarried parents. At the time of birth, most unmarried parents are committed to each other and to their child and have high hopes of marriage and a future together. But these parents face numerous barriers to creating and maintaining a stable family life, including low education and job skills, lack of jobs, and poor relationship skills. Helping these parents achieve their goal of stability will require new ideas and new policies such as providing services that start at birth; treating the parents as a couple rather than as individuals; offering services that promote communication and increase employability; reducing marriage penalties; and making child support enforcement more reasonable for low-income fathers. While some of these ideas have been tried in the past, others have never been fully implemented, and none has been offered as a single, comprehensive package. Because Congress is unlikely to enact a full package of services, the federal government should consider funding state-run demonstrations to ascertain the benefits and costs of the proposed reforms.

  For a copy of the complete brief in HTML or PDF format, visit the Brookings Institution web site.

• Working First But Working Poor, The Need for Education and Training Following Welfare, Cynthia Negrey, Institute for Women's Policy Research (IWPR), August 2001.

  Press Release:

  A new research report by the Institute for Women’s Policy Research (IWPR), funded by the NOW Legal Defense and Education Fund, reveals a pattern of gender segregation in referrals to job training programs. The study shows that effective job training in fields such as truck driving, welding, carpentry, plumbing, electrical work, and computer programming could increase hourly wages by as much as a third. But such training for women, though available, is rare.

  Instead, as Working First But Working Poor, The Need for Education and Training Following Welfare Reform reveals, welfare leavers are more likely to be trained for “women’s work” in female-dominated fields such as hospitality, childcare, cosmetology, and office work. They are most likely to be shunted into low-paying jobs in customer service, patient care, general clerical, childcare, and culinary arts, areas of the greatest job growth in the low-wage service sector. Moreover, it appears that more women may be interested in nontraditional employment than are being detected by case managers and vocational counselors.

  “By definition effective job training flies in the face of state-mandated ‘work-first’ welfare regulations that are aimed at quickly moving women off welfare and into jobs—low-paying jobs with little, or no, stability,” says Heidi Hartmann, President and CEO of IWPR. “Work-first policies have resulted in an immediate, sharp decrease in comprehensive job training and postsecondary education for women welfare recipients,” Hartmann said, “‘employable’ women are shunted away from additional training—training that would enable them to make livable wages to support themselves and their families in the longer run.”

  “The bottom line is that women leaving welfare usually are placed in, or are only able to obtain, lowpaying jobs,” says Kathy Rogers, president of NOW Legal Defense. “The likelihood of their ever being able to climb out of poverty is very low,” she adds. “Nontraditional jobs are a real opportunity for women to achieve economic self-sufficiency after they leave welfare. The challenge is to adequately prepare women to fill them.”

  The researchers recommend several interventions that advocates and policymakers could pursue to improve the odds of low income women achieving economic success, including:

  • Extending training time to permit women leaving welfare to overcome deficits in basic skills, preparing them for additional training for higher-income jobs through community college education or nontraditional training.

  • Encouraging those who have completed high school to pursue higher education and job-training programs available at community and four-year colleges.

  • Increasing the education of welfare case managers to understand and utilize the advantages of nontraditional training for women.

  • Better understanding of the definition and scope of nontraditional employment.

  • Increasing access to vocational and technical training for young high-school women; and utilizing the advantages of nontraditional training for women.

  • Permitting training and work to occur during regular weekday hours, thereby minimizing conflict between training and employment.

  Working First But Working Poor examined job-training programs in Albany, NY; Boston, MA; Camden, NJ; Chicago, IL; Oakland, CA; San Antonio, TX; and Seattle, WA. Researchers conducted more than 120 hours of structured interviews with 67 case managers, vocational counselors, job-training administrators and instructors. Telephone interviews were conducted with 163 students drawn from community colleges and other job training organizations.

  The study was directed by Dr. Cynthia Negrey, a sociologist on leave from her Associate Professor position in the Sociology Department at the University of Louisville in 1999-2001, who led a team of five IWPR social scientists. Negrey has a BS in Journalism, and an MA and Ph.D. in Sociology.

  For a copy of the complete report in PDF format, visit the IWPR web site.

  New Citations from NCOFF's FatherLit Database

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• Ackerman, B.P., D'Eramo, K.S., Umylny, L., Schultz, D., & Izard, C.E. (2001). Family structure and the externalizing behavior of children from economically disadvantaged families. American Pscyhological Association, 15(2), 288-300.
• Al-Krenawi, A., Slonim-Nevo, V., Maymon, Y., & Al-Krenawi, S. (2001). Psychological responses to blood vengeance among Arab adolescents. Child Abuse and Neglect, 25(4), 457-472.
• Amato, P.R. (2001). Children of divorce in the 1990s: An update of the Amato and Keith (1991) meta-analysis. American Pyschological Association, 15(3), 355-370.
• Barnes, S.L. (2001). Stressors and strengths: A theoretical and practical examination of nuclear, single-parent, and augmented African American families. Families in Society-The Journal of Contemporary Human Services, 82(5), 449-460.
• Bray, J.H., Adams, G.J., Getz, J.G., & Baer, P.E. (2001). Developmental, family, and ethnic influences on adolescent alcohol usage: A growth curve approach. Journal of Family Psychology, 15(2), 301-314.
• Brewer, M. (2001). Comparing in-work benefits and the reward to work for families with children in the US and the UK. Fiscal Studies, 22(1), 41-77.
• Brody, G.H., & Ge, X.J. (2001). Linking parenting processes and self-regulation to psychological functioning and alcohol use during early adolescence. Journal of Family Psychology, 15(1), 82-94.
• Case, A., & Paxson, C. (2001). Mothers and others: who invests in children's health? Journal of Health Economics, 20(3), 301-328.
• Chambers, J., Power, K., Loucks, N., & Swanson, V. (2001). The interaction of perceived maternal and paternal parenting stress and their relation with the psychological distress and offending characteristics of incarcerated young offenders. Journal of Adolescence, 24(2), 209-227.
• Chapman, D.A., & Scott, K.G. (2001). The impact of maternal intergenerational risk factors on adverse developmental outcomes. Developmental Review, 21(3), 305-325.
• Choo, O.A., & Etten, S.V. (2001). Father's role in the school success of adolescents: A Singapore study. In D.M. McInerney & S.V. Etten (Eds.), Research on sociocultural influences on motivation and learning: Vol. I (pp. 183-203). Greenwich: Information Age Publishing.
• Chopra, R. (2001). Retrieving the father: Gender studies. "father love" and the discourse of mothering. Women's Studies International Forum, 24(3-4), 445-455.
• Cohen, O., & Shnit, D. (2001). Social workers' recommendation on the non-custodial father's visitation rights with his preschool children. International Social Work, 44(3), 311-328.
• Coley, R.L. (2001). (In)Visible men - Emerging research on low-income, unmarried, and minority fathers. American Psychologist, 56(9), 743-753.
• Collins, M. E. (2001). Transition to adulthood for vulnerable youths: A review of research and implications for policy. Social Service Review, 75(2), 271-291.
• Crockenberg, S., & Langrock, A. (2001). The role of specific emotions in children's responses to interparental conflict: A test of the model. Journal of Family Psychology, 15(2), 163-182.
• Duggan, S., O'Brien, M., & Kennedy, J.K. (2001). Young adults' immediate and delayed reactions to simulated marital conflicts: Implications for intergenerational patterns of violence in intimate relationships. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69(1), 13-14.
• Dunn, J., Davies, L.C., O'Connor, T.G., & Sturgess, W. (2001). Family lives and friendships: The perspectives of children in step-, single-parent, and nonstep families. Journal of Family Psychology, 15(2), 272-287.
• Ellis, W.L. (2001). Applying child support guidelines: Users versus nonusers of child support enforcement services. Families in Society-The Journal of Contemporary Human Services, 82(2), 485-490.
• Feinberg, M., & Hetherington, E.M. (2001). Differential parenting as a within-family variable. American Psychological Association, 15(1), 22-37.
• Feldman, R., Masalha, S., & Nadam, R. (2001). Cultural perspetive on work and family: Dual-earner Israeli-Jewish and Arab families at the transition to parenthood. Journal of Family Psychology, 15(3), 492-509.
• Frosch, C.A., & Mangelsdorf, S.C. (2001). Marital behavior, parenting behavior, and multiple reports of preschoolers' behavior problems: Mediation or moderation? Developmental Psychology, 37(4), 502-519.
• Hattery, A. J. (2001). Tag-team parenting: Costs and benefits of utilizing nonoverlapping shift work in families with young children. Families in Society, 82(4), 419-427.
• Hebert, M., Lavoie, F., Piche, C., & Poitras, M. (2001). Proximate effects of a child sexual abuse prevention program in elementary school children. Child Abuse and Neglect, 25(4), 505-522.
• Hillis, S.D., Anda, R.F., Felitti, V.J. & Marchbanks, P.A. (2001). Adverse childhood experiences and sexual risk behaviors in women: A retrospective cohort study. Family Planning Perspectives, 33(5), 206-211.
• Jacob, T., & Johnson, S.L. (2001). Sequential interactions in the parent-child communications of depressed fathers and depressed mothers. Journal of Family Psychology, 15(1), 38-52.
• Jeynes, W. H. (2001). The effects of recent parental divorce on their children's consumption of alcohol. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 30(3), 305-319.
• Jones, D.J., Forehand, R., & Neary, E.M. (2001). Family transmission of depressive symptoms: Replication across Caucasian and African American mother-child dyad. Behavior Therapy, 32(1), 123-138.
• Joshi, A. (2001). Parents' and children's perceptions of interparental conflict resolution. Psychological Reports, 88(3 part 1), 943-946.
• Keown, L.J., Woodward, L.J., & Field, J. (2001). Language development of pre-school children born to teenage mothers. Infant and Child Development, 10(3), 129-145.
• Kost, K.A. (2001). The function of fathers: What poor men say about fatherhood. Families in Society-The Journal of Contemporary Human Services, 82(5), 499-508.
• Ku, I. (2001). The effect of welfare on children's education. Social Service Review, 75(2), 245-270.
• Lanctot, N., & Smith, C. A. (2001). Sexual activity, pregnancy, and deviance in a representative urban sample of African American girls. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 30(3), 349-372.
• Larson, R., Verma, S., & Dworkin, J. (2001). Men's work and family lives in India: The daily organization of time and emotion. American Psychological Association, 15(2), 206-224.
• Lehr, R., & MacMillan, P. (2001). The psychological and emotional impact of divorce: The noncustodial fathers' perspective. Families in Society, 82(4), 373-382.
• Leventhal, J. M. (2001). The prevention of child abuse and neglect: successfully out of the blocks. Child Abuse and Neglect, 25(4), 431-439.
• Leventhal, T., Garber, J.A., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2001). Adolescent transitions to young adulthood: Antecedents, correlates, and consequences of adolescent employment. Journal of Research on Adolescents, 11(3), 297-323.
• Lewis, J. (2001). The decline of the male breadwinner model: Implications for work and care. Social Politics, 8(2), 152-169.
• Liben, L. S., Bigler, R. S., & Krogh, H. R. (2001). Pink and blue collar jobs: Children's judgements of job status and job aspirations in relation to sex of worker. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 79(4), 346-363.
• Marcus, N.E., Lindahl, K.M., & Malik, N.M. (2001). Interparental conflict, children's social cognitions, and child aggression: A test of a mediational model. Journal of Family Psychology, 15(2), 315-333.
• Margolin, G., Gordis, E.B., & John, R.S. (2001). Coparenting: A link between marital conflict and parenting in two parent families. Journal of Family Psychology, 15(1), 3-21.
• McHale, S. M., Corneal, D. A., Crouter, A. C., & Birch, L. L. (2001). Gender and weight concerns in early and middle adolescence: Links with well-being and family characteristics. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30(3), 338-348.
• Medina, A.M., Margolin, G., & Wilcox, R.R. (2001). Family hostility and children's cognitive processes. Behavior Therapy, 31(4), 667-684.
• Mendoza, J., & Cummings, A. L. (2001). Help-seeking and male gender-role attitudes in male batterers. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 16(8), 833-840.
• Parasuraman, S., & Simmers, C. A. (2001). Type of employment, work-family conflict, and well-being: a comparative study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22(5), 551-568.
• Poresky, R. H., & Daniels, A. M. (2001). Two-year comparison of income, education, and depression among parents participating in regular Head Start or supplementary family service center services. Psychological Reports, 88(3 part 1), 787-796.
• Raphael, S., & Winter-Ebmer, R. (20010. Identifying the effect of unemployment on crime. Journal of Law and Economics, 44(1), 259-283.
• Reding, K. M., & Wijnberg, M. H. (2001). Chronic stress: A conceptual perspective. Families in Society, 82(4), 345-354.
• Rholes, W.S., Simpson, J.A., Campbell, L., & Grich, J. (2001). Adult attachment and the transition to parenthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(3), 421-435.
• Ritchie, J. (2001). Mother, grandmother, and researcher: Forty years of child rearing studies. Feminism and Psychology, 11(3), 407-413.
• Saltzstein, A. L., Ting, Y., & Saltzstein, G. H. (2001). Work-family balance and job satisfaction: The impact of family-friendly policies on attitudes of federal government employees. Public Administration Review, 61(4), 452-467.
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